Role of hypovolemia in dialysis-induced hypotension

Mechanism of dialysis-induced hypotension.

Using a hematocrit monitoring system and a Swan-Ganz catheter, the authors investigated the changes in blood volume and hemodynamic parameters before, during, and after dialysis-induced hypotension. When hypotension occurred, the cardiac output dropped sharply, and there were concomitant sudden decreases in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the mean right atrial pressure. These are attri...

Splenic denervation worsens lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypovolemia.

During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, increased intrasplenic fluid efflux contributes to a reduction in plasma volume. We hypothesized that splenic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA), which increases during endotoxemia, limits intrasplenic fluid efflux. We reasoned that splenic denervation would exaggerate LPS-induced intrasplenic fluid efflux and worsen the hypotension, hemoconce...

Hypovolemia Induced Orthostatic Hypotension in Presyncopal Astronauts and Normal Subjects Relates to Hypo-sympathetic Responsiveness

Spaceflight-induced hypovolemia requires astronauts to mount a hyper-sympathetic response in order to complete a tilt test on landing day. We tested the hypothesis that experimentallyinduced hypovolemia, in the absence of spaceflight, also requires a hyper-sympathetic response during tilt. We studied 17 subjects during normovolemia and hypovolemia. Plasma volume, tilt tolerance, supine and stan...

Hypovolemia Induced Orthostatic Hypotension in Presyncopal Astronauts and Normal Subjects Relates to Hypoadrenergic Responsiveness

Circulating blood volume is reduced during spaceflight, making astronauts hemodynamically compromised. After landing, astronauts separate into two groups. One group compensates for the hypovolemia with a hyper-sympathetic response during upright tilt testing and can complete a tilt test with few symptoms. The other group is unable to mount a hyper-sympathetic response and experiences orthostati...

Responses of Adrenal Corticosteroid Secretion to Hypotension and Hypovolemia.